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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word “Linux” in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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The Linux Command Line at https://linuxcommand.org/tlcl.php is a good resource. Well-written and structured in a fairly logical way. The primary focus is on doing things in bash on Linux but it also expands into related topics that aren’t strictly about bash, such as editing text files from the command line, using ssh to connect to remote computers, etc.
I just downloaded…this is very good.
Hopefully it will be useful for you! Everybody learns differently, but it was a good starting point for me when I was trying to figure out bash.
unix shell programming stephen G kochan patrick wood third edition
This one was great, describes the kernel and shell, and it is well written and organized. It also has some lesser known bash tricks and shell variables.
https://paperless.blog/newline-guide-to-bash-scripting
https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html
I would not recommend you to learn Bash but POSIX shell which is compatible with every shell.
I would use DASH (Debian Almquist Shell) as a start. It is the default non-interactive shell at Debian and drives /bin/sh.
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to learn though? I always think of linux man pages as great for a reference if I know what I am doing, but kinda crappy to learn from.